Asal Usul Kata “Tumis”

pandora dan tumis

Sebuah kata yang sering kita temukan di dapur, di buku resep, bahkan di berbagai menu rumah makan. Tapi pernahkah kamu bertanya-tanya, dari mana sebenarnya kata “tumis” berasal? Apakah ini kata serapan? Atau asli dari bahasa Melayu dan Indonesia?

Apa Itu Tumis?

Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), tumis adalah:

n masakan (dari sayuran dan sebagainya) yang digoreng dengan sedikit minyak: tumis kangkung

Dari definisi ini, kita tahu bahwa menumis berarti memasak sesuatu dengan sedikit minyak atau lemak dalam waktu singkat, biasanya dengan bumbu dasar seperti bawang merah, bawang putih, atau cabai.

Menariknya, setelah menelusuri berbagai sumber, tampaknya kata “tumis” bukanlah kata serapan dari bahasa asing, melainkan berasal dari bahasa Melayu atau Indonesia asli.

Jejak Tumis di Hikayat Hang Tuah

Kata “tumis” ternyata sudah ada sejak zaman kerajaan Nusantara. Dalam Hikayat Hang Tuah, sebuah teks sastra klasik Melayu yang ditulis pada abad ke-17, disebutkan:

“Setelah sudah maka hidangan itu pun diangkat oranglah beribu-ribu mata gulai dan sayur dan rendang tumis. Maka sekalian khalayak pun makanlah.”

Di sini, “rendang tumis” disebutkan sebagai bagian dari hidangan. Namun, apakah “rendang tumis” pada zaman Hang Tuah sama dengan rendang yang kita kenal sekarang? Itu masih jadi tanda tanya. Bisa jadi, istilah “tumis” saat itu mengacu pada teknik memasak dengan sedikit minyak sebelum bahan utama diolah lebih lanjut.

Tumis dan Dong Tumis: Sebuah Kebetulan?

Selain sebagai teknik memasak, ada satu lagi kejadian unik dalam sejarah Nusantara yang menyebut kata “Tumis.”

Dalam Hikayat Aceh, ada nama tokoh asing yang disebut sebagai Dong Tumis. Siapa dia?

“Seorang bernama Dong Dawis dan seorang bernama Dong Tumis membawa surat dan membawa bingkis daripada raja Portugis.”

Sekilas, terdengar seperti nama orang Portugis, kan? Tapi menurut Prof. A. Teeuw dari Universitas Leiden, Dong Tumis sebenarnya adalah pengucapan versi lokal dari nama seorang petualang Inggris bernama Master Tomkins, sedangkan Dong Dawis adalah John Davis, seorang navigator terkenal dari Inggris.

Jadi, kalau kamu pernah dengar ada nama “Tumis” dalam sejarah kolonial, jangan tertukar. Itu bukan tentang masakan, melainkan hanya nama yang kebetulan terdengar sama!

Kesimpulan

Dari penelusuran ini, kita bisa mengambil beberapa kesimpulan:

  1. Kata “tumis” berasal dari bahasa Melayu atau Indonesia asli. Ini bukan kata serapan dari bahasa asing.
  2. Kata “tumis” sudah ada sejak zaman kerajaan Nusantara. Buktinya, disebut dalam Hikayat Hang Tuah.
  3. “Dong Tumis” dalam Hikayat Aceh bukan ada hubungannya dengan makanan. Itu hanya versi lokal dari nama seorang petualang Inggris, Master Tomkins.

Jadi, setiap kali kamu menumis bawang atau memasak kangkung tumis, ingatlah bahwa teknik ini sudah ada sejak berabad-abad lalu!

Selamat memasak dan menumis!

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